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Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into a muscle. In medicine, it is one of several alternative methods for the administration of medications (see route of administration). It is used for particular forms of medication that are administered in small volumes. Depending on the chemical properties of the drug, the medication may either be absorbed fairly quickly or more gradually. Muscles have larger and more blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue and injections here usually have faster rates of absorption than subcutaneous injections or intradermal injections.〔Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 751.〕 Depending on the injection site, an administration is limited to between 2 and 5 milliliters of fluid. ==Uses== Examples of medications that are sometimes administered intramuscularly are: * Haloperidol (Haldol) * Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) * Lorazepam (Ativan) * Fulvestrant (Faslodex) * Codeine * Morphine * Methotrexate * Metoclopramide * Olanzapine * Streptomycin * Diazepam * Prednisone * Penicillin * Interferon beta-1a * Sex hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol valerate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (as Depo Provera) * Dimercaprol * Ketamine * Leuprorelin * Naloxone * Quinine, in its gluconate form * Vitamin B12, as cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin or methylcobalamin * Risperidone In addition, some vaccines are administered intramuscularly: * Gardasil * Hepatitis A vaccine * Rabies vaccine * Influenza vaccines based on inactivated viruses are commonly administered intramuscularly (although there is active research being conducted as to the best route of administration). Platelet-rich plasma injections can be administered intramuscularly. Certain substances (e.g. ketamine) are injected intramuscularly for recreational purposes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「intramuscular injection」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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